Investigation of the Apoptotic and Anti‐metastatic Effects of Nano‐niosomes Containing the Plant extract Anabasis setifera on HeLa: in Vitro Cervical Cancer Study

The present study focuses on the preparation of niosomes containing an extract of Anabasis setifera&evaluates their efficacy in inhibiting the growth&proliferation of HeLa.Thin‐layer hydration technique was used to prepare niosomes/extract nanoparticles(NPs).The physicochemical properties of the synthesized NPs were confirmed by SEM,DLS,zeta potential analysis&FTIR.The cytotoxicity of free extract,free niosome&NPs was investigated by MTTassay.For this purpose,solutions of the three mentioned agents were prepared&diluted in 400,200,100,50,25,12.5&6.25µg/ml concentrations&incubated for24,48&72 hours.After calculating the IC50 concentration&treating the cells with this concentration,Real‐time‐PCR(to measure changes in the expression of apoptosis and metastasis genes),flowcytometry(to determine the amount of early and late induced apoptosis)&cellcycle test(to determine the stopping stage of the cancer cell division cycle)were performed.Also,the scratch test(The ability to inhibit cell metastasis after treatment)was used to evaluate cell migration.The MTTassay results showed that 72hours of treatment with NPs has the greatest effect on the death of cancer cells.Real‐time PCR showed that the expression of the Bad gene increased dramatically and the expression of the BCL‐XL,ITGA5&ZEB‐1 decreased significantly.The flowcytometry results showed that 48.64% of HeLa cells underwent apoptosis after treatment with synthesized NPs.The scratch test results showed that cancer cell metastasis stopped after treatment with NPs.The research demonstrates the significant potential of NPs,as highly efficient drug carriers for cancer therapy