Inferring on fluvial resilience from multi-temporal high-resolution topography and geomorphic unit diversity

The resilience of a river corridor represents its ability to withstand and recover from disturbances. Quantifying fluvial resilience in the face of various stressors is essential for integrating ecology and geomorphology in a context of river management. Geomorphic unit diversity analysis emerges as a valuable tool for characterizing and quantifying fluvial resilience to disturbances due to its inherent connection with fluvial dynamics. This paper aims to analyse and quantify the fluvial resilience of a wandering gravel-bed river affected by natural (e.g., floods) and human-induced (e.g., instream gravel mining) stressors. To achieve this goal, we use multi-temporal high-resolution topographic surveys of the Upper River Cinca (South-Central Pyrenees) spanning from 2014 to 2020. By employing the Geomorphic Unit Tool (GUT) on these surveys, we can map geomorphic units over time, quantify their diversity, and study geomorphic adjustments through morphodynamic signatures, altogether allowing inferring fluvial resilience. Our findings reveal that topographic changes (i.e., erosion and sedimentation) correlate with the type of stressor: maintenance works and gravel mining lead to degradation, while floods induce aggradation. Geomorphic Unit Diversity decreases following channel disturbances caused by gravel mining but rebounds after periods primarily stressed by floods, returning to pre-impact levels within six years. Geomorphic adjustments, such as channel incision and mid bar development, reflect erosion and sedimentation processes respectively, with channel maintenance works and floods being the main drivers. Despite the recovery of the geomorphic unit diversity within the reach, the deficit resulting from gravel extraction remains unresolved, perpetuating a degrading trend that poses risks in reducing lateral connectivity and could potentially catalyse future vegetation encroachment in bars and floodplains, causing changes on flood conveyance and hydraulics. Monitoring the river's geomorphic diversity provides crucial insights for effective conservation and management decisions regarding land use, development, and conservation along riverbanks, thereby sustaining or enhancing fluvial system resilience.