稀缺
生命史理论
种内竞争
严厉
进化论
人口
母公司投资
生殖价值
变化(天文学)
发展心理学
心理学
生物
生态学
人口学
经济
社会学
怀孕
噪音、振动和粗糙度
哲学
物理
遗传学
认识论
量子力学
天体物理学
后代
振动
微观经济学
作者
Bruce J. Ellis,Aurelio José Figueredo,Barbara H. Brumbach,Gabriel L. Schlomer
出处
期刊:Human Nature
[Springer Nature]
日期:2009-04-22
卷期号:20 (2): 204-268
被引量:1191
标识
DOI:10.1007/s12110-009-9063-7
摘要
The current paper synthesizes theory and data from the field of life history (LH) evolution to advance a new developmental theory of variation in human LH strategies. The theory posits that clusters of correlated LH traits (e.g., timing of puberty, age at sexual debut and first birth, parental investment strategies) lie on a slow-to-fast continuum; that harshness (externally caused levels of morbidity-mortality) and unpredictability (spatial-temporal variation in harshness) are the most fundamental environmental influences on the evolution and development of LH strategies; and that these influences depend on population densities and related levels of intraspecific competition and resource scarcity, on age schedules of mortality, on the sensitivity of morbidity-mortality to the organism’s resource-allocation decisions, and on the extent to which environmental fluctuations affect individuals versus populations over short versus long timescales. These interrelated factors operate at evolutionary and developmental levels and should be distinguished because they exert distinctive effects on LH traits and are hierarchically operative in terms of primacy of influence. Although converging lines of evidence support core assumptions of the theory, many questions remain unanswered. This review demonstrates the value of applying a multilevel evolutionary-developmental approach to the analysis of a central feature of human phenotypic variation: LH strategy.
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