Small-charge underwater explosion bubble experiments under various boundary conditions

Small-charge underwater explosion experiments were performed to investigate bubbles subjected to gravity and various boundary conditions, including single boundary (free surface and rigid wall boundary), combined boundaries of free surface and solid wall, solid wall boundaries with a circular opening, and resilient wall boundaries. With high speed camera and pressure sensors, the behavior of explosion bubbles was studied and features of associated pressure pulses were analyzed. Detailed image analysis on the final stages of bubble collapse was carried out and revealed a possible explanation for the weakening of pressure waves at bubble rebound as the bubble approaches a wall boundary. Certain features also indicate that the magnitude of the pressure peaks induced by bubble rebound is related to the shape of the bubble shape during collapse. Pressure pulses arising from the two types of bubble behavior, specifically the collision of an annular jet and the impact of a jet with the wall boundary, were measured. Other curious types of bubble behavior were found, including jetting induced by suction when a bubble collapses covering a circular opening on a solid wall, and bubble splitting in interaction with a resilient wall boundary.