共轭体系
纳米技术
化学
组合化学
高分子
有机电子学
小分子
Stille反应
试剂
分子
有机合成
有机化学
聚合物
材料科学
晶体管
催化作用
电压
物理
量子力学
生物化学
作者
Ken Okamoto,Junxiang Zhang,Jeremy B. Housekeeper,Seth R. Marder,Christine K. Luscombe
出处
期刊:Macromolecules
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2013-08-20
卷期号:46 (20): 8059-8078
被引量:311
摘要
π-Conjugated small molecules, oligomers, and macromolecules are being used in the fabrication of a wide variety of organic electronic devices such as organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Efficient syntheses involving fewer steps, fewer toxic reagents, and highly reactive compounds are needed to lower the cost of materials in a manner that is fundamentally more eco-friendly. Additionally, synthetic approaches for π-conjugated materials with more functional group tolerance are desirable to expand the range of properties that can be realized in such materials. Developing new synthetic routes to materials can both broaden the scope of science that can be explored and increase the probability that interesting materials can be developed in an economically viable manner for inclusion in consumer products. One such synthetic strategy that can impact all of these issues is carbon–hydrogen bond activation and subsequent carbon–carbon bond formation (C–H functionalization). While the C–H functionalizations represented by direct arylation-based methods are not as developed as the widely used Stille and Suzuki methods at this stage, they allow for the use of readily accessible halogenated aromatic substances and can negate the need for toxic organotin reagents. They also hold promise of allowing for the synthesis of previously inaccessible materials. In this Perspective, our goal is to provide an overview of the current status in this challenging field by highlighting (1) the history of preparing π-conjugated small molecules and macromolecules via cross-coupling reactions, (2) advances in preparation of versatile π-conjugated small molecules and macromolecules via transition-metal-catalyzed direct arylation, and (3) the scope, limitations, and challenges for materials science.
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