Deficiency of IL-12p35 improves cardiac repair after myocardial infarction by promoting angiogenesis

IL-12p35 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that participates in a variety of inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to determine whether IL-12 regulates cardiac injury and repair following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Mice with AMI showed a marked increase in IL-12p35 expression of ischaemic cardiac tissues. IL-12 was mainly produced by CD11b+ monocytes. Cardiac functions were significantly improved in IL-12p35 knockout (p35-KO) mice compared with wild-type (WT) littermates in response to AMI. IL-12p35 deficiency attenuated the infarct scar and hypertrophy compared with WT mice. RNA transcriptome sequencing and quantitative RT–PCR analysis of CD11b+ monocytes isolated from WT and p35-KO ischaemic hearts revealed a distinct transcriptional profile in p35-KO CD11b+ monocytes, displaying pro-angiogenesis and anti-inflammation properties. Angiogenesis was enhanced in p35-KO mice with AMI and hindlimb ischaemia. Moreover, tube formation assay and Matrigel plug analysis demonstrated that IL-12 inhibition of angiogenesis was dependent on monocytes. IL-12p35 deficiency inhibited inflammation by reducing chemokine production and monocyte infiltration into the heart. Finally, administration of an IL-12p35-neutralizing antibody limited AMI-induced inflammatory cell infiltration into the heart and improved angiogenesis and cardiac function. Deficiency of IL-12p35 limited AMI-induced cardiac injury by promoting pro-angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory functions of monocytes.