材料科学
纳米纤维
静电纺丝
聚酰亚胺
多孔性
化学工程
接触角
膜
硅酮
复合材料
硅油
聚合物
遗传学
生物
工程类
图层(电子)
作者
Ying Shen,Dawei Li,Lanlan Wang,Yuqi Zhou,Feng Liu,Hao Wu,Bingyao Deng,Qingsheng Liu
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsami.1c01136
摘要
Nanofiber membranes via electrospinning with layered structures are frequently used for oil/water separation, thanks to their unique properties. However, challenges that involve nanofibrous membranes still remain, such as high energy consumption and unfavorable transport properties because of the densely compact structure. In this study, superelastic and robust nanofiber-based aerogels (NFAs) with a three-dimensional (3D) structure as well as tunable porosity were prepared using polyimide (PI) nanofibers via a freeze-drying process followed by the solvent–vapor treatment. The porous NFAs were further modified using trichloromethylsilane (TCMS) to generate silicone nanofilaments (SiNFs) on the surface of the PI nanofibers, which could enhance the hydrophobicity (water contact angle 151.7°) of the NFAs. The corresponding superhydrophobic NFAs exhibited ultralow density (<10.0 mg m–3), high porosity (>99.0%), and rapid recovery under 80% compression strain. SiNFs-coated NFAs (SiNFs/NFAs) could also collect a wide range of oily solvents with high absorption capacities up to 159 times to their own weight. Moreover, surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions could also be efficiently separated (up to 100%) under the driving force of gravity, making it a promising energy-efficient technology. Additionally, SiNFs/NFAs maintained high separation efficiency throughout five separation–recovery cycles, indicating the potential of SiNFs/NFAs in the field of oil/water separation, sewage treatment, as well as oily fume purification.
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