A comparison of physical exercise and cognitive training interventions to improve determinants of functional mobility in healthy older adults

心肺适能 认知 心理干预 观察研究 医学 齿轮 睡眠剥夺对认知功能的影响 物理医学与康复 干预(咨询) 有氧运动 物理疗法 认知训练 重复措施设计 步态 心理学 内科学 统计 计算机科学 精神科 人工智能 数学
作者
Kristell Pothier,Tudor Vrinceanu,Brittany Intzandt,Laurent Bosquet,Antony D. Karelis,Maxime Lussier,Thien Tuong Minh Vu,Anil Nigam,Karen Li,Nicolas Berryman,Louis Bherer
出处
期刊:Experimental Gerontology [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:149: 111331-111331 被引量:17
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2021.111331
摘要

Mobility is a complex but crucial clinical outcome in older adults. Past observational studies have highlighted that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), energy cost of walking (ECW), and cognitive switching abilities are associated with mobility performance, making these key determinants of mobility intervention targets to enhance mobility in older adults. The objective of this study was to compare, in the same design, the impact of three training methods - each known to improve either CRF, ECW, or cognitive switching abilities - on mobility in healthy older adults. Seventy-eight participants (69.28 ± 4.85yo) were randomly assigned to one of three twelve-week interventions: Aerobic Exercise (AE; n = 26), Gross Motor Abilities (GMA; n = 27), or Cognitive (COG; n = 25) training. Each intervention was designed to improve one of the three key determinants of mobility (CRF, ECW, and cognitive switching). Primary outcomes (usual gait speed, and TUG performance) and the three mobility determinants were measured before and after the intervention. Repeated-measures ANOVAs showed a time effect for TUG performance (F(1,75) = 14.92, p < .001): all groups equally improved after the intervention (ΔTUGpost-pre, in seconds, with 95% CI: AE = −0.44 [−0.81 to −0.08]; GMA = −0.60 [−1.10 to −0.10]; COG = −0.33 [−0.71 to 0.05]). No significant between group differences were observed. CRF was improved in the AE group only (Hedges' G = 0.27, small effect), ECW and cognitive switching improved the most in the GMA (Hedges' G = −0.78, moderate effect) and COG groups (Hedges' G = -1.93, large effect) respectively. Smaller improvements in ECW were observed following AE and COG trainings (Hedges' G: AE = -0.39, COG = -0.36, both small effects) as well as in cognitive switching following AE and GMA training (Hedges' G: AE = −0.42, GMA = -0.21, both small effects). This study provides further support to the notion that multiple interventional approaches (aerobic, gross motor exercise, or cognitive training) can be employed to improve functional mobility in older adults, giving them, and professionals, more options to promote healthy ageing.
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