Distributed Adaptive-MPC Type Optimal PMS for PV-Battery Based Isolated Microgrid

In the absence of an external grid, supplying quality power to critical loads in renewables, i.e., solar photovoltaics (PV)-battery-based self-sustained isolated microgrid (MG) system is quite troublesome. Because of involved generation arbitrage and variable load conditions, a robust power management scheme is essential. In this article, a distributed strategy with an adaptive model predictive control (MPC) principle is proposed. It considers all possible uncertainties, viz., intermittent generation as time-varying solar irradiance, variable load profile, alongside maintaining smooth charging/discharging cycle of storage units and shedding of noncritical loads. For this purpose, a novel comprehensive small-signal state-space model of MG with PV-battery systems having dedicated parallel RLC loads and a low-voltage network is considered, which accounts for inverter dc-bus link dynamics. The controller tracks the maximum power point of PV and keeps the MG power balance intact for both active and reactive powers by considering interconnected bus dynamics. The viability of the proposed scheme is verified by performing extensive testing, viz., variable solar irradiance profile, continuous small and large variations of loads, shedding of the noncritical loads, multiple topology subsystems, comparative study with state-of-art MPC, and smooth transition of battery charging/discharging cycles using MATLAB platform over 24 and 48 h duration.