Status and development of hydrogen preparation, storageand transportation

As a kind of important clean and renewable energy, hydrogen energy has received increasing attention. In the past, the majority of researchers from colleges and universities, Chinese Academy of Sciences and other institutions carrying out hydrogen energy related research were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Science and Technology. Nowadays many enterprises are also involved, including both private enterprises and state owned enterprises. This is a significant shift in this research field that will further promote the development of hydrogen energy industry. Hydrogen industry includes hydrogen production, separation, storage and transportation, application and other links. Great strides have been made in these fields in recent years. Some of these fields are developing rapidly, while others are still facing many challenges. This paper makes a systematic analysis and induction of the status, issues and future development potential of the hydrogen industry chain. The paper is divided into seven parts, including hydrogen preparation, hydrogen storage, hydrogen transportation, hydrogen pipeline transportation, liquid hydrogen manufacturing, storage and transportation, hydrogen refueling station, conclusions and suggestions. In the part of hydrogen preparation, we introduce the methods of hydrogen preparation, separation and purification, the annual changes of world pure hydrogen and mixed hydrogen production, the relationship between hydrogen price of different hydrogen production methods and main raw material price, and the comparison of hydrogen production technologies and characteristics of different electrolytic water. In the part of hydrogen storage, four main methods: High-pressure gas hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, solid hydrogen storage and organic liquid hydrogen storage are introduced, and the performances of these four methods are compared. In the part of hydrogen transportation, we introduce several common hydrogen transportation methods, the performance comparison of several common hydrogen transportation methods, and the price variance by distance of the three main hydrogen transportation methods. In the part of hydrogen pipeline transportation, the construction of two domestic hydrogen pipelines and the comparison of relevant parameters, as well as the situation of hydrogen transportation pipelines around the world are introduced. In the part of liquid hydrogen production, storage and transportation, the production methods of liquid hydrogen, the difference in calorific value between hydrogen fuel and other fuels, the preparation level of liquid hydrogen all over the world and the development direction in the future are introduced. In the part of hydrogenation stations, the construction, operation, cost and problems of hydrogenation refueling stations around the world are introduced. Finally, based on the contents above, we draw some conclusions and suggestions as follows: (1) In terms of hydrogen production, it is necessary to reduce the cost, develop hydrogen production from fossil raw materials to clean energy electrolytic water, focus on the development of proton exchange membrane green hydrogen preparation technology and enlarge its scale. (2) In terms of hydrogen storage, it is necessary to select appropriate hydrogen storage methods and improve their performance according to different applications. In the field of transportation, it is necessary to develop a hydrogen storage system with a weight density greater than 5wt% and a volume density greater than 40 g/L, which is cost-effective and easy to control hydrogen absorption and desorption. In the non-transportation field, it is necessary to develop large-scale, low energy consumption and high safety hydrogen storage technology. (3) In terms of hydrogen transportation, it is necessary to strengthen the development of pipeline hydrogen transportation and liquid hydrogen transportation technology. (4) In terms of hydrogen refueling station, it is necessary to realize the localization of key equipment such as compressors and hydrogen injectors, improve the operation efficiency of hydrogen refueling stations and reduce the operational cost; Hydrogen production stations and liquid hydrogen refueling stations need to be developed.