[Status of cardiovascular disease epidemics and its risk factors prevention and control in China: an evaluation based on China Cardiovascular Health Index of 2017].

Objective: To analyze the current situation of cardiovascular diseases and the exposure as well as control level of their risk factors in the Chinese residents. Methods: Based on the 2017 China Cardiovascular Health Index (hereafter referred to as CHI) study, data on the 29 indicators from three dimensions named as prevalence of cardiovascular disease, exposure to relevant risk factors, and prevention and control of risk factors of the 31 provinces in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) were obtained. To make a higher CHI score indicate better cardiovascular health levels, all the reverse metrics were firstly converted into positive metrics. Thenstandard normal conversion were adopted and a percentage score was assigned to each value according to its area proportion under the standard normal conversion distribution curve. Finally the scores of the three dimensions and the total CHI were calculated by weighted sum of these scores. Scores and ranks in each dimension were used to compare the performance in different provinces. Results: Heilongjiang, Tibet, Jilin, Henan, Xinjiang had the lowest scores in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi and Beijing had the lowest scores in the exposure to relevant risk factors. Hainan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi and Guangxi had the lowest in the prevention and control of risk factors. In terms of behavioral risk factors, smoking rates, rate of insufficient physical activity, obesity rate of adults aged 18 in the 31 provinces in China excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan were 26.80% (25.15%, 29.25%), 17.80% (11.60%, 19.45%) and 12.00% (8.90%, 17.95%), respectively. The daily per capital salt intake level was 8.6 (8.2, 9.3) g. As for metabolic risk factors, the prevalence of dyslipidemia (33.7%) exceeded hypertension (26.0%) and diabetes (9.7%), while its awareness rate (14.5%), treatment rate (7.9%) and control rate (5.4%) were all below the corresponding levels of hypertension and diabetes. Conclusion: Risk factors of cardiovascular disease in China is relatively severe and the prevention and control of dyslipidemia needs to be further strengthened.目的： 分析中国居民心脑血管疾病流行和危险因素暴露及防控现况。 方法： 依托2017年中国心血管健康指数（CHI）研究，获取中国31个省份（不包括中国香港、澳门、台湾地区）心血管疾病流行情况、危险因素暴露情况、危险因素防控情况3个维度29个指标的数据。对各指标进行了同向化（CHI得分越高表示心血管健康水平越好）、标准化和百分化后，通过加权求和得到各省不同维度得分及最终的心血管健康指数得分，并采用得分和秩次描述不同省份各维度CHI得分情况。 结果： 黑龙江、西藏、吉林、河南、新疆的心血管病流行维度得分较低，天津、河北、辽宁、山西和北京的危险因素暴露维度得分较低，海南、贵州、云南、陕西和广西的心血管危险因素防控维度得分较低。在行为危险因素方面，中国31个省份（不包括中国香港、澳门、台湾地区）18岁及以上成人吸烟率、身体活动不足率、肥胖率M（P25，P75）分别为26.8%（25.15%，29.25%）、17.80%（11.60%，19.45%）、12.00%（8.90%，17.95%），每天人均盐摄入水平为8.6（8.2，9.3）g；在代谢性危险因素方面，血脂异常的患病率（33.7%）高于高血压（26.0%）和糖尿病（9.7%）的患病率，而其知晓率（14.5%）、治疗率（7.9%）和控制率（5.4%）均低于高血压和糖尿病的相关指标。 结论： 中国人群心脑血管疾病危险因素的流行水平较为严峻，血脂异常的防治工作有待进一步加强。.