[Application and reflection of laboratory-based monitoring in early warning of infectious diseases].

Despite the fact that our cognition towards infectious disease prevention, the advanced technology and the economic status of the whole society has made a great progress in the last decade, the outbreak of COVID-19 pneumonia has again enabled the public to acquire more about super-challenges of infectious diseases, epidemics and the relevant preventive measurements. In order to identify the epidemic signals in early stage or even before the onset of epidemic, the data research and utilization of a series of factors related to the occurrence and transmission of infectious diseases have played a significant role in research of prevention and control during the whole period of surveillance and early warning. Laboratory-based monitoring for the etiology has always been an important part of infectious disease warning system due to pathogens as the direct cause of such diseases. China has initially established a laboratory-based monitoring and early warning system for bacterial infectious diseases based on the Chinese Pathogen Identification Network with an aim to identify pathogens, outbreaks and sources. This network has played an essential role in early detection, tracking and precise prevention and control of bacterial infectious diseases, such as plague, cholera, and epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. This issue focuses on the function of laboratory-based monitoring during the period of early warning, prevention, and control of bacterial infectious diseases, and conducted a wide range of researches based on the analysis of the epidemic and outbreak isolates, together with field epidemiological studies and normal monitoring systems. All of these could illustrate the effect of laboratory surveillance in the infectious disease risk assessment and epidemic investigation. At the same time, we have put forward our review and expectation of scenarios about laboratory-based monitoring and early warning technologies to provide innovative thoughts for promoting a leapfrog development of infectious disease monitoring and early warning system in China.新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的暴发流行，使全社会重新认识了传染病发生、流行及防控所面临的巨大挑战，即便是当前对传染病防范的认知、应对技术和社会经济条件已有历史上最好的基础。在传染病的监测预警中，研究和利用各类传染病发生与传播相关因素的数据，以期在传染病发生的早期甚至发生前识别疫情信号，成为传染病防控研究的重要命题。病原体是传染病发生的原因，所以以病原学为核心的实验室监测是传染病预警体系的重要组成部分。我国目前已经初步建成了基于国家致病菌识别网的细菌性传染病实验室监测预警系统，其核心是识别病原、识别暴发、识别来源，在鼠疫、霍乱、流脑等细菌性传染病的早期发现、溯源和精准防控中起到重要作用。本期重点号围绕实验室监测在细菌性传染病预警和防控中的作用，从流行和暴发菌株特征分析、与流行病学调查的联合应用、与常规病例监测体系的融合等方面开展研究，体现了实验室监测在传染病风险评估和疫情调查中的作用，同时对实验室监测预警技术及应用场景进行了综述和展望，以期为推动我国传染病监测预警体系的跨越发展提供新思维。.