Abstract The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the mouse, the H2 (or Histocompatibility‐2 ; formerly abbreviated as H‐2 ) complex, is located on chromosome 17. It contains genes critical to the functioning of the immune system because their products are intimately involved in the earliest steps in initiating immune responses. There is great variation among these genes, a trait that is unusual and probably critical to the immune system.