Residues from grapevine and wine production as feedstock for a biorefinery

Winemaking constitutes an important industry in many countries with relevant economic and environmental impacts. As a result of the winemaking process, a number of lignocellulosic residues are obtained on a renewable yearly basis. These residues and those from grapevine cultivation have so far been underutilised. This review provides state-of-the-art information on the different proposals reported to take advantage of these residues from a biorefinery perspective. In addition, the main reports available on the techno-economic assessment of biorefineries based on viticulture and winemaking-derived residues are presented, along with the identification of bottlenecks for biorefinery deployment.