Antigenic/allergenic characterization of American and German cockroach extracts

Cockroach allergens have been implicated as clinically significant sensitizing agents in the induction/exacerbation of "urban asthma." In the present study, approximately 50% of atopic, predominantly inner-city residents had immediate wheal-and-flare cutaneous reactivity to a commercial American cockroach whole body extract. Crude whole body extracts were prepared in our laboratory from both American (Periplaneta americana) and German (Blatella germanica) cockroach species. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of American cockroach whole body extract (AWBE) and German cockroach whole body extract (GWBE) detected a total of 50 and 56 precipitin peaks, respectively, when extracts were reacted with hyperimmunized rabbit antisera. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis identified at least five electrophoretically distinct allergens each in AWBE and GWBE. Cockroach whole body extracts produced two major protein peaks when extracts were fractionated on Sephadex G-75. RAST-inhibition studies demonstrated allergens in both peak 1 and the immediate trailing fractions of the column. Direct RAST and end point prick skin testing confirmed the presence of significant/important allergens in column "fraction 2" of AWBE. Skin testing and RAST analysis suggested the occurrence of shared and species-specific allergens between AWBE and GWBE. Collectively, these studies confirm the important sensitizing potential of cockroach allergens, characterize their number and size distribution by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis and column chromatography, support the occurrence of significant allergens in column "fraction 2," and suggest the occurrence of both species-specific and shared interspecies allergens.