Rational Design of Porous Nanofiber Adsorbent by Blow‐Spinning with Ultrahigh Uranium Recovery Capacity from Seawater

Abstract Highly efficient recovery of uranium from seawater is of great concern because of the growing demand for nuclear energy. The use of amidoxime‐based polymeric fiber adsorbents is considered to be a promising approach because of their relatively high specificity and affinity to uranyl. The surface area, hydrophility, and surface charge of the adsorbent are reported to be critical factors that influence uranium recovery efficiency. Here, a porous amidoxime‐based nanofiber adsorbent (SMON–PAO) that exhibits the highest uranium recovery capacity among the existing fiber adsorbents both in 8 ppm uranium spiked seawater (1089.36 ± 64.31 mg‐U per g‐Ads) and in natural seawater (9.59 ± 0.64 mg‐U per g‐Ads) is prepared by blow spinning. These nanofibers are obtained by compositing polyacrylamidoxime with montmorillonite and exhibit the increased surface area and more exposed functional amidoxime moieties for uranyl adsorption. The residual montmorillonite enhances the hydrophility and reduces the negative surface charge, thereby increasing the contact of the adsorbent with seawater and reducing the charge repulsion between negative amidoxime group and negative uranyl species ([UO 2 (CO 3 ) 3 ] 4− ). The finding of this study indicates that rational design of uranium recovery adsorbents by comprehensive utilizing the key factors that influence uranium recovery performance is a promising approach for developing economically feasible uranium recovery materials.