质量(理念)
点(几何)
价值(数学)
产业组织
竞争优势
微观经济学
经济
工作(物理)
业务
营销
计算机科学
工程类
数学
机械工程
哲学
几何学
认识论
机器学习
作者
Gary Biglaiser,Emilio Calvano,Jacques Crémer
摘要
Abstract Markets with network effects are typically concentrated. The aim of this paper is to discuss some recent work on “incumbency advantage.” That is, the fact that firms already installed generate higher profits than entrants even if the latter offer identical or even better terms (in terms of price and quality) to consumers. In particular, we review recently known sources of the advantage and potential mitigating factors and point to a number of open issues.
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