Innovative Molecular Design Strategies in Materials Science Following the Aurophilicity Concept

The past decade has seen a diverse range of breakthrough inventions that are derived from gold complexes, including the application of aurophilic interactions in the preparation of stimuli-responsive materials. Examples of these gold-based materials include aurophilicity-induced metallogelators, mechanochromic, thermochromic, vapochromic, and solvatochromic luminescent compounds, as well as sensory materials for the detection of metal ions. Sophisticated properties of gold complexes with Au···Au contacts have been explored at the edge of several disciplines including chemistry, crystallography, molecular engineering and advanced materials. As science paves its way to innovation, cross-disciplinary research moves from being a luxury to becoming a necessity. Development of the concept of aurophilicity and its use in designing novel materials is a true example of innovation on a multidisciplinary platform. As miniaturization continues to influence the next generation of technological advancement, using the properties of molecules as chemical tools to enable such developments becomes extremely important. In this Review, recent examples of gold complexes which exhibit a response to external stimuli have been collected and some of their potential applications discussed for selected cases.