Recent Advances and Applications of Magnetic Metal-Organic Frameworks in Adsorption and Enrichment Removal of Food and Environmental Pollutants

Developing a rapid sample pretreatment method with high enrichment capability and selectivity is important for developing novel analytical techniques in food and environmental safety monitoring. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are multifunctional three-dimensional materials that can be self-assembly prepared from organic ligands and inorganic metal ions or a metal cluster. MOFs have high specific surface areas, good adsorption performance, tunable porosity, and modifiable structures that can be deliberately modulated. They have been widely applied in photoelectrocatalysis, adsorption/separation, drug delivery, sensor detection, and more, because of their superparamagnetism, rapid adsorption/separation, and reusability. As effective adsorbents, magnetic MOFs (MMOFs) have attracted enomous attentions in analytical chemistry and have been used in sample collection and pre-enrichment, solid-phase extraction, and solid-phase microextraction in recent years. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the preparation of MMOFs, understanding of their structural characteristics and adsorption mechanisms, and their applications in food quality/safety and pretreatment. Future prospects in research and development are also discussed.