Crosstalk between oncogenic MYC and noncoding RNAs in cancer

The MYC family oncoproteins are deregulated in more than 50 % of human cancers through a variety of mechanisms, such as gene amplification or translocation, super-enhancer activation, aberrant upstream signaling, and altered protein stability. As one of the major drivers in tumorigenesis, MYC regulates the expression of a large number of noncoding genes involved in multiple oncogenic processes. Noncoding RNAs, including miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, rRNA and tRNA, are also deeply involved in the oncogenic MYC network by functioning as MYC regulators/effectors. In this review, we summarize representative studies depicting the crosstalk between oncogenic MYC and noncoding RNAs in carcinogenesis with the aim of providing potential implications for both basic science and clinical applications.