Multimodal Imaging in Anterior Uveitis

Anterior uveitis is the most common group of uveitis worldwide, with a diverse spectrum ranging from autoimmune and infectious to masquerade etiologies. Elucidation of the underlying etiology may be challenging, but it remains important, especially for recurrent uveitis. Multimodal imaging has improved our understanding and management of many posterior uveitis and panuveitis. Similarly, a wide variety of anterior segment ophthalmic imaging techniques are available to allow the monitoring of the structural changes that may develop during anterior uveitis. These include anterior segment photography, specular microscopy, in vivo confocal microscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), laser flare photometry, and less commonly used techniques such as anterior segment fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, iris autofluorescence, and infrared imaging. This review recapitulates the past and recent application of these ophthalmic imaging modalities to the diagnosis and management of anterior uveitis.