Qualitative Radiogenomics: Association between Oncotype DX Test Recurrence Score and BI-RADS Mammographic and Breast MR Imaging Features

Purpose To evaluate the association between Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) mammographic and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features and breast cancer recurrence risk in patients with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer who underwent the Oncotype DX assay. Materials and Methods In this institutional review board–approved and HIPAA-compliant protocol, 408 patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2004 and 2013 who underwent the Oncotype DX assay were identified. Mammographic and MR imaging features were retrospectively collected according to the BI-RADS lexicon. Linear regression assessed the association between imaging features and Oncotype DX test recurrence score (ODxRS), and post hoc pairwise comparisons assessed ODxRS means by using imaging features. Results Mammographic breast density was inversely associated with ODxRS (P ≤ .05). Average ODxRS for density category A was 24.4 and that for density category D was 16.5 (P < .02). Both indistinct mass margins and fine linear branching calcifications at mammography were significantly associated with higher ODxRS (P < .01 and P < .03, respectively). Masses with indistinct margins had an average ODxRS of 31.3, which significantly differed from the ODxRS of 18.5 for all other mass margins (P < .01). The average ODxRS for fine linear branching calcifications was 29.6, whereas the ODxRS for all other suspicious calcification morphologies was 19.4 (P < .03). Average ODxRS was significantly higher for irregular mass margins at MR imaging compared with spiculated mass margins (24.0 vs 17.6; P < .02). The presence of nonmass enhancement at MR imaging was associated with lower ODxRS than was its absence (16.4 vs 19.9; P < .05). Conclusion The BI-RADS features of mammographic breast density, calcification morphology, mass margins at mammography and MR imaging, and nonmass enhancement at MR imaging have the potential to serve as imaging biomarkers of breast cancer recurrence risk. Further prospective studies involving larger patient cohorts are needed to validate these preliminary findings. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.