An Energy Efficient Gravitational Model for Tree Based Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are commonly utilized to collect data from a variety of locations. The most important factor is to reduce energy use for WSN to maximize the network lifetime. A bottleneck free dynamic network for WSN is very effective to achieve the flexibility for data gathering to save energy, thereby enhancing network lifetime. We present a novel tree-clustering algorithm in this paper based on the natural gravitational model to save energy in WSN. We have used the concept of natural gravitational force to construct the tree cluster routing structure for wireless sensor nodes. The main goal of this strategy is to use gravitational tree-cluster and multi-hop concepts to reduce data transmission distance while maintaining a bottleneck-free routing path for sensor nodes. To develop an effective routing structure, the residual energy of sensor nodes and the distance between them are considered. By balancing the network load and using the most reliable routing channel, the sensor nodes' energy consumption is minimized and their lifetime is extended. We demonstrate that our suggested approach outperforms comparable works in terms of energy usage, network life, throughput, and transmission overheads using computer simulation. Furthermore, by employing the network, a sufficient delay time, minimum distance communication, and a minimum number of message retransmissions are achieved.