Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade therapy needs more attention

Abstract Background and objective The tumor microenvironment and tumor immunity are crucially involved in tumor therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD‐1/PD‐L1 signal transduction have been widely used in tumor therapy and have shown ideal clinical efficacy. However, some kinds of cancers still do not respond to PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade therapy effectively, including gastric cancer. The related factors should be explored. Methods and results This review summarizes the recent progression of understanding the influence of Helicobacter pylori infection on PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade therapy. Current pieces of evidence have indicated that H. pylori infection might affect the curative effect of tumor therapy associating with the induced immunomodulation. Conclusion It is necessary to understand the overall integration of PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade therapy, the tumor microenvironment, and H. pylori infection. Much attention on the influence of H. pylori infection on the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy should be paid.