Recent advances on graphene: Synthesis, properties and applications

Graphene has recently gained significant interest owing to its advantageous physicochemical and biological properties. However, its preparation strategies, main properties, chemical derivatives, and advanced applications in the multidimensional fields of lubrication, electricity, and tissue engineering are rarely reported. Hence, this review presents comprehensive discussions on current states of graphene as effective reinforcements to apply into these fields. First, graphene preparation methods are analyzed, and its main properties and chemical derivatives are discussed. Then, the friction-reduction and antiwear mechanisms of graphene are summarized. Next, the advanced applications of graphene in electricity and tissue engineering are described. Finally, the review is concluded by presenting outlooks on key challenges and future opportunities for extending preparation methods and multidimensional applications of the graphene-based materials.