Lycojapomines A–E: Lycopodium Alkaloids with Anti-Renal Fibrosis Potential from Lycopodium japonicum

Five Lycopodium alkaloids featuring novel C17N2 (1 and 2), C29N3 (3 and 4), and C15N2 (5) skeletons were isolated from Lycopodium japonicum. Compound 1 is the first natural product containing a 3-aza[3.3.3]propellane motif. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, X-ray crystallography, and computational methods. Compounds 1 and 3-5 significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced fibronectin deposition in HK-2 cells at a nontoxic concentration of 20 μM.