A review on various configurations of the passive tuned liquid damper

Passive tuned liquid dampers, being cost-effective, easy to implement, and reliable structural vibration control devices, have received significant attention from designers and researchers. Considerable works devoted to the extraction of higher damping, increase in volumetric efficiency, improvement in architectural adaptability, and use in a large spectrum of structures have led to the development of a variety of configurations of passive tuned liquid dampers. Rigorous research efforts are being devoted to the utilization of different forms of tuned liquid dampers for the vibration control of buildings, bridges, chimneys, wind turbines, etc. However, till now, only a few varieties of tuned liquid dampers have been implemented in real-life structures, while the others require further refinement. This necessitates the present work, through which a systematic review on tuned liquid dampers of various configurations for structural response reduction is presented, with a focus on the design of the dampers. To organize the review in a structured manner, the large family of tuned liquid dampers is categorized into five groups based on their energy dissipation mechanism, namely the tuned sloshing damper, tuned liquid column damper, combined tuned sloshing damper-tuned liquid column damper system, compliant liquid damper, and liquid damper with submerged tuned oscillator. The modeling, analysis, design, and performance-related aspects of the different varieties of tuned liquid dampers are covered. The advantages and applicability of the different types of tuned liquid dampers are highlighted along with their real-life installations. The current gaps in the development of the various tuned liquid damper configurations and scope of future developments are also identified.