A qualitative analysis of burnout in elite Swedish athletes

倦怠 心理学 压力源 运动员 感觉 精英 优秀运动员 社会心理学 临床心理学 定性研究 本我、自我与超我 发展心理学 医学 社会科学 政治 物理疗法 政治学 社会学 法学
作者
Henrik Gustafsson,Peter Hassmén,Göran Kenttä,Mattias Johansson
出处
期刊:Psychology of Sport and Exercise [Elsevier]
卷期号:9 (6): 800-816 被引量:246
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.11.004
摘要

To extend the understanding of burnout in elite athletes, including personal experiences and perceived antecedents. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 Swedish 22- to 26-year-old elite athletes who had quit sport due to burnout. The interview transcripts were inductively analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings support the notion of athlete burnout as a multidimensional syndrome. While stressors like multiple demands, “too much sport,” lack of recovery and high expectations were considered primary causes of burnout by the respondents, high motivation, unidimensional athletic identity, self-esteem strivings, high ego goals, negative perfectionist traits and feelings of entrapment were also found to be critical contributors. These restraining factors explained why the athletes continued their participation in sport despite a progressive worsening of their condition, and are therefore potentially crucial in the development of burnout. Athlete burnout appears to be a complex interaction of multiple stressors, inadequate recovery and frustration from unfulfilled expectations, which is explained partly by maladaptive perfectionist traits and goals. This process is fuelled by a strong drive to validate self-worth, sometimes in conjunction with feelings of entrapment.
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