Finite element analysis for the prediction and optimization of residual stresses caused by laser enamelling

Rapid laser enamelling is applied for sealing ceramic tile grouts. In order to understand the mechanics of microcracks developed and long-term stability of the enamel glaze, finite element analysis of the thermomechanical characteristics is carried out. In the thermal stress analysis, the temperature field is used as a boundary condition to calculate mechanical effects on the material due to thermal strains. A thermoisotropic material model has been defined for five different materials involved in the process. To validate the theoretical predictions, experiments are conducted by the measurements of strain on the ceramic tile surface during laser enamelling with the help of strain gauges. Residual stresses are also determined on the ceramic tile surface with the X-ray diffraction method. The theoretical predictions of the residual stresses are in close agreement with experimental results.