The mode of action of peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases in vivo: binding vs. catalysis

Polypeptides often display proline‐mediated conformational substates that are prone to isomer‐specific recognition and function. Both possibilities can be of biological significance. Distinct families of peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases) evolved proved to be highly specific for proline moieties arranged in a special context of subsites. Structural and chemical features of molecules specifically bound to the active site of PPIases served to improve catalysis of prolyl isomerization rather than ground state binding. For example, results inferred from receptor Ser/Thr or Tyr phosphorylation in the presence of site‐directed FKBP12 mutant proteins provided evidence for the crucial role of the enzymatic activity in down‐regulating function of FKBP12.