Super-resolution microscopy based on structural illumination

With the development of various fluorescence technologies and optical control, fluorescence super-resolution microscopy has broken the limit of optical diffraction. Among them, the structural illumination microscopy (SIM), which combines structured light illumination and wide-field fluorescence imaging, uses structural illumination to mix in Fourier space to bring high-frequency information into the passband of the optical transfer function (OTF) to achieve super-resolution imaging. And having the advantages of weak phototoxicity and photobleaching, and fast imaging speed, SIM is currently one of the most mainstream techniques for super-resolution microscopy imaging of living cells. In this work, we have completed the theoretical simulation of SIM and the experimental operation. Firstly, we review the development of SIM, and systematically introduces its super-resolution imaging principle. Then, we discuss the technical difficulties of the hardware part, and builds a set of dual-beam interferometric SIM based on ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator, achieving that it only takes 270ms to collect 9 original images, and modulates the polarization characteristics of the illumination light to improve the interference fringe contrast and energy utilization. Finally, by using the open-source plugin Hifi-SIM to achieve image reconstruction, we obtain some ideal results.