Chemical constituents of Chinese red ginseng

The chemical constituents of the Chinese red ginseng were systematically investigated by using various column chromatographic methods including D-101 macroporous adsorptive resins and open silica gel column chromatographies as well as high-performance liquid chromatography.Their chemical structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analyses.Fifty-two compounds were isolated from Chinese red ginseng decoction and identified as 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh₁ (1), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh₁ (2), ginsenoside Rg₆ (3), 20(22) E-ginsenoside F₄ (4), ginsenoside Rk₃ (5), 20(22) E-ginsenoside Rh₄ (6), ginsenoside Rg₁ (7), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rf-1a(8), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rf(9), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rf(10),20(S)-notoginsenoside R₂ (11),20(R)-notoginsenoside R₂ (12), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg₂ (13), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₂ (14), ginsenoside Rs₂ (15),ginsenoside Rs₁ (16),ginsenoside Rd(17),notoginsenoside R₁ (18),ginsenoside Re₂ (19), ginsenoside Re(20), 20-gluco-ginsenoside Rf(21),quinquenoside-R₁ (22),ginsenoside Ro methyl ester(23),ginsenoside Ro(24),ginsenoside Rb₁ (25),ginsenoside Rc(26),ginsenoside Rb₂ (27),ginsenoside Ra₂ (28),ginsenoside Ra₃ (29),ginsenoside Rb₃ (30),20(22)Z-ginsenoside Rh₄ (31),chikusetsusaponin IVa butyl ester(32), 20(22)Z-ginsenoside Rs₄ (33),ginsenoside Rs₅ (34),20(22)E-ginsenoside Rs₄ (35),zingibroside R1-6'-butyl ester(36), chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester(37),20(S)-ginsenoside Rs₃ (38),20(R)-ginsenoside Rs₃ (39),zingibroside R1-6'-methyl ester(40),ginsenoside Rz₁ (41),ginsenoside Rk₁ (42),ginsenoside Rg₅ (43),23-O-methylginsenoside-Rg₁ ₁ (44),12β,25-dihydroxydammar-20(22)E-ene-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(45), 20(22)Z-ginsenoside F₄ (46),3β,12β-dihydroxydammar-20(22)E,24-diene-6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(47), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg₃ (48),20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₃ (49),20(22)E-ginsenoside Rg₉ (50),ginsenoside-Ro-6'-butyl ester(51), and polyacetyleneginsenoside Ro(52). Compounds 8, 12, 31-33, 36, 37, 44, 45, 47 and 51 were isolated from the P. ginseng, and compounds 19, 23 and 46 were isolated from Chinese red ginseng for the first time.