Sustainable Approach on the Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Membrane Techniques

Membrane technology seems to be the most eminent advancement in recent years. Among the various physical and chemical treatments available for water treatment, membrane separation process has proved to be a very good alternative for water treatment. This technique allows separation process to be carried out without the utilization of heat. Separation is mainly due to the difference in particle size and shape by the application of pressure. Separation process plays a very vital role in chemical industries. Membrane behaves as a barrier between any two bulk phases of separation. Membranes can be broadly classified based on their nature, structure and pore geometry. Various separation process which can be employed for evacuating the dyes present in wastewater. A few such separation processes include ultrafiltration, microfiltration and nanofiltration. Initially, nanofiltration membrane was employed to retrieve water, salts and dye from textile effluent which is highly saline in nature. Inorganic membranes offer a wide range of advantages over the organic ones in terms of their pH and chemical resistance. Membrane technology is widely used because of its cost-effective nature and also due to its easy operation on the contrary. This chapter will highlight about the overview of the membrane separation process, the various types of separation techniques and the application of membranes for the expulsion of dye from wastewater.