Van der Waals heterostructure Pt2HgSe3/CrI3 for topological valleytronics

We identify a valley-polarized Chern insulator in a van der Waals heterostructure, monolayer ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{2}{\mathrm{HgSe}}_{3}$/monolayer ${\mathrm{CrI}}_{3}$, for potential applications with interplay between electric, magnetic, optical, and mechanical effects. The interlayer proximity magnetic coupling nearly closes the band gap of monolayer ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{2}{\mathrm{HgSe}}_{3}$, and the strong intralayer spin-orbit coupling further lifts the valley degeneracy by over 100 meV, leading to positive and negative band gaps at opposite valleys. In the valley with negative gap, the interfacial Rashba spin-orbit coupling opens a topological band gap of 17.8 meV, which is enlarged to 30.8 meV by adding a hexagonal boron nitride ($h$-BN) layer. We find large orbital magnetization in the ${\mathrm{Pt}}_{2}{\mathrm{HgSe}}_{3}$ layer that is much larger than spin, which can induce a measurable optical Kerr effect. The valley polarization and Chern number are coupled to the magnetic order of the nearest-neighbor ${\mathrm{CrI}}_{3}$ layer, which is switchable by electric, magnetic, and mechanical means in experiments. The presence of $h$-BN protects the topological phase, allowing the construction of superlattices with valley, spin, and layer degrees of freedom.