Non-linear mass transport in confined nanofluidic devices for label-free bioanalysis/sensors

In the past decade, a significant growth of research in nanofluidics is achieved. The electric double layer (EDL) overlapped in the nanochannel/nanopores results in non-linear mass transport. To understand the principle of non-linear mass transport in nanofluidics can help us to control and manipulate mass transfer and find applications in varied fields such as energy conversion and storage, gas separation, and bioanalytical applications. In this review, we first introduce the fabrication techniques of nanofluidic devices, then demonstrate the origin mechanism of non-linear mass transport, among which the size and charge effect of nanofluidics are explained. Following that the influential factors regarding the non-linear mass transport behaviors are discussed in detail. After full understanding of the fundamental of non-linear mass transport in nanofluidics, the recent progress in label-free bioanalysis/sensors based on nanofluidic non-linear transport are highlighted. Finally, the perspectives for future directions and development are discussed for this special research field.