Sandwich structure stabilized atomic Fe catalyst for highly efficient Fenton-like reaction at all pH values

Atomically dispersed heterogeneous metal catalysts are promising in dealing with the ever-growing environment and energy issues. However, the practical uses of such catalysts are challenged by the concerns of low reliability and reusability of current compositions under changeable conditions. Here we demonstrate a strategy to stabilize the atomically dispersed Fe catalysts through anchoring the Fe atoms in between a C3N4-rGO double-layered support. The layered structure is found to significantly prohibit acid leaching and agglomeration of Fe atoms while maintaining activity of the reaction sites, even under extreme pH conditions (pH < 3 or> 11). This allows us to realize high performance Fenton-like reaction via activation of persulfate with unforeseen reactive and recycling abilities over all pH values (0 to 14). This work offers opportunities for understanding the Fenton-like system at extreme reaction conditions, while providing keen insights into the development of stable atomic metal catalysts for practical use.