First Report of Fruit Rot on ‘Cuiguan’ Pear Caused by Fusarium proliferatum in China

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 104, No. 5First Report of Fruit Rot on ‘Cuiguan’ Pear Caused by Fusarium proliferatum in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Fruit Rot on ‘Cuiguan’ Pear Caused by Fusarium proliferatum in ChinaX. Y. Zhao, M. Chen, L. Y. Pan, Y. Q. Fu, J. Y. Chen, and M. L. XiangX. Y. ZhaoCollege of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, M. ChenCollege of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, L. Y. PanCollege of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Y. Q. FuCollege of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, J. Y. ChenCollege of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, ChinaPingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337055, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, and M. L. Xiang†Corresponding author: M. L. Xiang; E-mail Address: mlxiang2010@126.comhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-4811College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations X. Y. Zhao1 M. Chen1 L. Y. Pan1 Y. Q. Fu1 J. Y. Chen1 2 M. L. Xiang1 † 1College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China 2Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337055, China Published Online:4 Mar 2020https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-19-0875-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Cuiguan pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. ‘Cuiguan’) is an early ripening pear variety cultivated in southern China. In July 2018, an unknown disease occurred on 5 to 10% of 5,000 postharvest Cuiguan pear fruit (P. pyrifolia) after 15 days in our laboratory storage room (20°C, 85 to 90% relative humidity) in NanChang City (28.68° N, 115.85° E), Jiangxi Province. Initial symptoms were shallow black spots on the fruit surface that later enlarged into circular brown lesions with water-soaked margins and a lesion diameter of 20 to 40 mm. White hyphae grew on the pear lesions and, slowly, infected fruit became soft and necrotic. To isolate the suspected pathogen, small sections (5 × 3 mm) of diseased fruit were sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s followed by 0.1% mercuric chloride solution for 5 min, rinsed three times with sterile water, and then transferred onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28°C for 5 days. Finally, five isolates were obtained and purified on PDA. The isolates produced abundant aerial mycelium, which was initially white and then became purple over time at 28°C. The average growth of mycelium was 5.4 mm per day (n = 5). On carnation leaf agar (Fisher et al. 1982), macroconidia were three to five septa, moderately curved to straight, and 28.7 to 53.2 × 3.2 to 5.3 µm in size (38.4 × 4.2 µm on average, n = 25). On PDA, the microconidia were almost straight, aseptate, and 6.3 to 11.4 × 2.1 to 4.0 µm (8.3 × 2.9 µm on average, n = 25), and no chlamydospores were observed. The morphological features were consistent with Fusarium proliferatum (Leslie and Summerell 2006). In addition, molecular phylogenetic analyses were used to define the isolate identity. The universal primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and F. proliferatum-specific primers PRO1/PRO2 (Mulè et al. 2004) were used to amplify the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-5.8S ribosomal DNA region and calmodulin gene. The PCR amplicons (accession nos. MK158221 and MK144327) aligned with GenBank showed 100% similarity with F. proliferatum (accession nos. KU891521.1 and LT841258.1). Thus, the pathogen was identified as F. proliferatum based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating nine disease-free pear fruit after disinfesting in 75% ethanol. A prepared spore suspension (10 μl, 1.0 × 106 spores/ml) was dropped on the wounds (a depth of 1 mm with a 1-mm diameter) on the pear surface, which were made by a sterilized needle. Sterile water (10 μl) was dropped on the wounded sites of nine pear fruits as negative controls, and 10 μl of a prepared spore suspension was dropped onto nine nonwounded control pears. All fruits were incubated in a growth chamber at 30/26°C (day/night, 12-h photoperiod, 90% relative humidity). After 3 days, the first symptom of shallow black spots was observed on nine wounded inoculated pears, and after 5 days mean lesion diameter was 19.8 mm, whereas the symptom of nonwounded pears was mild. The water controls remained healthy. To complete Koch’s postulates, F. proliferatum was again isolated from infected pears. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. proliferatum causing rot on Cuiguan pear in China and around the world. This finding can alert agronomists to do more work, such as biological characteristics, pathogenesis, and control methods to study F. proliferatum.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Fisher, N. L., et al. 1982. Phytopathology 72:151. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-72-151 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLeslie, J. F., and Summerell, B. A. 2006. Page 224 in: The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell, Oxford, U.K. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470278376 Crossref, Google ScholarMulè, G., et al. 2004. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:495. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EJPP.0000032389.84048.71 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Crossref, Google ScholarThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Funding: Funding was provided by Project of Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province (JXGS-03) and Project of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province of China (GJJ160355).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 104, No. 5 May 2020SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionSymptoms observed in the field on zucchini plants caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae (A. Pérez-Hernández et al.). Photo credit: J. M. Gómez-Vázquez. Peach tree with excavated root collar (S. B. Miller et al.). Photo credit: G. Schnabel. Metrics Article History Issue Date: 3 May 2020Published: 4 Mar 2020First Look: 26 Dec 2019Accepted: 19 Dec 2019 Page: 1554 Information© 2020 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingProject of Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi ProvinceGrant/Award Number: JXGS-03Project of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province of ChinaGrant/Award Number: GJJ160355Keywordspearfruit rotpathogen identificationFusarium proliferatumThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.Cited byMycotoxin Production and the Relationship between Microbial Diversity and Mycotoxins in Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd cv. 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