Multi-parameter characterization of atherosclerotic plaques based on optical coherence tomography, photoacoustic and viscoelasticity imaging

Detection of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability is the critical step in prevention of acute coronary events. Fibrous cap thickness, lipid core size, and inflammation extent are three key parameters for assessing plaque vulnerability. Here, we report on multimodality imaging of mice aortic plaques using a system that integrates optical coherence tomography (OCT), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and photoacoustic viscoelasticity imaging (PAVEI). The thickness of fibrous cap is accurately evaluated by OCT, and PAI helps to determine the distribution and size of lipid core. The mechanical properties of plaques are closely related to the plaque compositions and the content and distribution of macrophages, while PAVEI can characterize the plaque viscoelasticity through the phase delay of photoacoustic signal. Experimental results demonstrate that the OCT-PAI-PAVEI system can comprehensively characterize the three traits of atherosclerotic plaques, thereby identifying high-risk lesions.