Adaptive electrofluid-actuated liquid lens

We present a novel adaptive liquid lens actuated by electrofluid. The deformation of electrofluid under the combined action of vertical electric fields and magnetic fields controls the hydraulic pressure in the lens chamber. Both the study of electrohydrodynamics and the study of optical properties of the prototype have been carried out. The measured focal length of the liquid lens decreases from 34.55 mm to 5.12 mm, as the current increases from − 3 A to 5 A. However, the voltage across the electrofluid changed only from − 0.24 V to 0.4 V. The electrofluid-actuated lens exhibits some attractive features compared with the conventional mechanical driven lens, such as high integration, easy control, and low working voltage.