Highly stable electrochromic cells based on amorphous tungsten oxides prepared using a solution‐annealing process

International Journal of Energy ResearchVolume 45, Issue 5 p. 8061-8072 SHORT COMMUNICATION Highly stable electrochromic cells based on amorphous tungsten oxides prepared using a solution-annealing process Tuan Van Nguyen, Tuan Van Nguyen orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-1056 School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorKim Anh Huynh, Kim Anh Huynh School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorQuyet Van Le, Quyet Van Le Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, VietnamSearch for more papers by this authorHayeong Kim, Hayeong Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorSang Hyun Ahn, Corresponding Author Sang Hyun Ahn [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-5908 School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Correspondence Soo Young Kim, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. Email: [email protected] Sang Hyun Ahn, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorSoo Young Kim, Corresponding Author Soo Young Kim [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-7991 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Correspondence Soo Young Kim, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. Email: [email protected] Sang Hyun Ahn, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Tuan Van Nguyen, Tuan Van Nguyen orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-1056 School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorKim Anh Huynh, Kim Anh Huynh School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorQuyet Van Le, Quyet Van Le Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, VietnamSearch for more papers by this authorHayeong Kim, Hayeong Kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorSang Hyun Ahn, Corresponding Author Sang Hyun Ahn [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-5908 School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Correspondence Soo Young Kim, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. Email: [email protected] Sang Hyun Ahn, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorSoo Young Kim, Corresponding Author Soo Young Kim [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-7991 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Correspondence Soo Young Kim, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Green Manufacturing Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea. Email: [email protected] Sang Hyun Ahn, School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 January 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6354Citations: 9 Funding information: Chung-Ang University; National Research Foundation of Korea, Grant/Award Number: NRF-2020R1A2C2100670 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Summary In this work, a facile sol–gel and annealing technique was employed to prepare amorphous electrochromic tungsten oxide thin films at a relatively low temperature. Specifically, ammonium metatungstate hydrate was blended in dimethylformamide and was used as the precursor for obtaining highly uniform and transparent amorphous WOx by simple spin-coating and calcining in ambient air at 250°C for 2 hours. The film exhibits an unprecedented stability over 4000 operational cycles with a high coloration efficiency of 125 cm2 C−1 and fast switching times of 5 seconds for the colored state and 2.5 seconds for the bleaching state. Therefore, the prepared amorphous tungsten oxide film is a prominent material for the next generation of electrochromic devices that can be used in smart windows and electronic display devices. Open Research DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Citing Literature Supporting Information Filename Description er6354-sup-0001-Supinfo.zipapplication/x-zip-compressed, 1.9 MB Data S1. Supplementary information. Figure S1. High-resolution XPS spectra of N, O, and WO3 at 300°C Figure S2. High-resolution XPS spectra of N, O, and WO3 at 350°C Figure S3. Atomic content in the films at different temperatures Figure S4. The digital images of samples at bleached states Table S1. Film thickness Table S2. Electrochemical results of different films Table S3. Electrochromic parameters of various films Video. Electrochromic performance of EC thin film Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Volume45, Issue5April 2021Pages 8061-8072 RelatedInformation