Wearable fiber-based thermoelectrics from materials to applications

Thermoelectrics, enabling direct converting between heat and electricity, have become one of the most promising techniques for the realization of energy-saving and environmental protection. As a key member of the thermoelectric family, fiber-based thermoelectrics possess significant potential in the area of charging wearable electronics, owing to their high performance, high flexibility, and high stability features. Based on the fast development of fiber-based thermoelectrics, this review aims to comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art fiber-based thermoelectric materials and devices, including their unique designs, chemical engineering, advanced fabrication methods, outstanding thermoelectric properties, and wide applications. In the end, we point out the challenge and outlook for further improving thermoelectric performance, flexibility, and stability of fiber-based thermoelectrics.