[4] Standard Fmoc protocols

This chapter discusses standard Fmoc protocols. This chapter describes standard protocols for Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. It discusses Fmoc-amino acid synthesis, compatible side-chain protection, solid phases (and the derivatization of), linkage agents, assembly methods, cleavage from the solid support, and workup and purification protocols. The method that emerged is operationally simple and chemically less complex than the Boc procedure. It is a mild procedure, and because of the Fmoc base lability and orthogonal nature relative to the previously accepted acid-labile protecting groups, it has allowed an element of chemical versatility in solid-phase strategies. It is the method of choice for the solid-phase synthesis of most modified peptide species including phosphorylated, sulfated, and glycosylated peptides. Its use in combination with groups such as Boc, allyl, and Dde has allowed access to a new dimension of peptide species from solid-phase synthesis procedures.