Modelling particle evolution in turbulent high pressure sonic CO2 jets

The behaviour of CO2 particles from high pressure liquid releases through small nozzle diameters is predicted using a RANS approach, closed using a second-moment turbulence model, coupled to a composite equation of state for CO2 used in conjunction with a solid phase equation of state. The fluid and particles are two-way coupled through a fluid-temperature dependent particle relaxation model which is found to considerably alter the Mach shock structure of these jets. Comparisons with experimental data validate the numerical approach.