Metaverses and DeMetaverses: From Digital Twins in CPS to Parallel Intelligence in CPSS

A total of 12 years have been passed since this Department was created in 2010 as the first academic forum dedicated to cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS), with the first CPSS research article on the field: “The Emergence of Intelligent Enterprises: From CPS to CPSS.” What has happened and changed during the past decade? A brief reflection and review are presented here with a focus on digital twins in CPS versus parallel intelligence in CPSS, and their relationship to blockchain intelligence, smart contracts, metaverses, DAO, Web3, and decentralized science. The concept of DeMetaverses is thus introduced and interpreted as a DAO-based decentralized autonomous metaverse. The characteristics, mechanism, and impact of DeMetaverses are discussed with a vision for achieving an integrated human, artificial, natural, and organizational intelligence that would transform our world into “6S” societies.