Beneficial effects of Rocchetta® oligomineral water in HaCaT keratinocytes after ultraviolet-B irradiation

Several reports have previously suggested that oligomineral water may have a beneficial immunomodulatory role in skin physiology. However, molecular, and cellular mechanisms through which oligo-elements act in cutaneous trophism have not yet been fully clarified. Among the external stimuli that affect the skin, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which is frequently encountered in everyday life, is a major environmental factor of skin damage. Keratinocytes are the major target of UV, and they play a key role in a first line of body defenses. Accumulating evidence suggests that UVB irradiation induces nuclear DNA damage, membrane destruction, resulting in apoptosis and skin inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic effects of Rocchetta® oligomineral (Co.Ge.Di. International SpA, Rome, Italy) water in UVB-irradiated immortalized human keratinocytes.HaCaT UVB-irradiated was cultured with increasing concentrations of Rocchetta® oligomineral water. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties gene expression of TNF, IL1β, IL6, COX2 and Caspase1 was performed. Moreover, the antiapoptotic effects were evaluated through gene expression of GADD45, Caspase3 and RIPK3. Finally, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of Rocchetta® oligomineral water by measuring total ROS/RNS and superoxide production as markers of oxidative stress after UVB irradiation.Our findings have shown that Rocchetta® oligomineral water is well tolerated by the cells and displays anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic proprieties when used prior keratinocyte UVB irradiation.Our results highlight a possible protective role of Rocchetta oligomineral water in modulating the cutaneous inflammatory response to external triggers and injuries.