Analysis of corrosion of corundum refractory castables in relation to increased MgO content in dendromass ashes

Biomass ash has a significantly lower proportion of Al2O3 and higher proportions of K2O, CaO and SiO2 than coal ash. Biomass combustion in power plants increases demands on refractory linings and metal fittings in boilers. Grates and linings of combustion chambers in furnaces and boilers are more susceptible to clogging and are degraded by bio-ash slag. The results of this study suggest that the addition of approximately 2% of powder magnesite waste to the wood-chip fuel can significantly mitigate ash slagging and also corrosion of the corundum refractory material. With regard to the resulting increased MgO content in the dendromass ash, the corrosion of corundum refractory material was studied. The MgO content in the ash was increased by adding powder magnesite waste to ash samples. The results of corrosion tests (1450 °C/7 h) showed that ash slag with MgCO3 addition corroded the corundum material less. Analyses of the post-mortem slag and corrosion interface confirmed: (i) higher K2O concentration in the ash caused increased corundum material corrosion by both vapours (g-s) and melt (l-s); (ii) K2O reacted with Al2O3 at the corrosion interface and also penetrated intensively into the fine-grain matrix by surface diffusion; (iii) MgO remained in the slag; (iv) increased Al2O3 content in the molten slag initiated a liquation of MA-spinel. These results (especially MA spinel liquation from the slag and K2O diffusion through the matrix followed by micro-grain dissolution) indicate that replacing the mullite binder phase in the matrix with MgO and/or spinel could lead to improved resistance of the refractory material to biomass ash slag.