Abstract In situ growth of cyclodextrin‐based metal‐organic frameworks (CD‐MOFs) is investigated for the effective fabrication of MOF composites through the vapor diffusion method combined with O 2 plasma treatment. The growth rate of γ ‐CD‐MOFs on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers (CD‐MOFs–PET) is determined for 136 h, and the CD‐MOFs‐PET with 24 h growth time shows the highest surface area without crystal deformation. The specific surface area of the CD‐MOFs‐PET with 24 h growth time is 142.88 m 2 g −1 , which is 235 times higher than the pristine PET fibers. The 24 h CD‐MOFs‐PET shows removal efficiencies higher than 99% for PM 0.1 and higher than 95% for SO 2 gas. The CD‐MOFs‐PET demonstrates high recovery of SO 2 adsorption ability by the repeated adsorption‐desorption cycles, maintaining up to 90% of initial adsorption performance. This study intends to provide an informative discussion of the applicability of textile‐based CD‐MOFs and the development of reusable filters for the removal of SO 2 .