T cell responses in immune-mediated IgA nephropathy

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a complex autoimmune disease with various underlying causes and significant clinical heterogeneity. There are large individual differences in its development, and the etiology and pathogenesis are still poorly understood. While it is known that immunobiological factors play a significant role in the pathophysiology of IgAN, the specific nature of these factors has yet to be fully elucidated. Numerous investigations have verified that cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) and CD8+ T lymphocytes are involved in the immunopathogenesis of IgAN. Furthermore, certain data also point to γδT cells' involvement in the pathophysiology of IgAN. By thoroughly examining the mechanisms of action of these T cells in the context of IgAN, this review sheds light on the immunopathogenesis of the disease and its associated factors. The review is intended to provide reference value for the future research in this field and promising treatment clues for clinical patients.