Sewage Sludge Promotes the Accumulation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Tomato Xylem

木质部 污水污泥 污水 基因 抗性(生态学) 抗生素 化学 生物 废物管理 生物技术 环境科学 植物 微生物学 环境工程 遗传学 农学 工程类
作者
Wenjing Li,Hong-Zhe Li,Jiayang Xu,Michael R. Gillings,Yong‐Guan Zhu
出处
期刊:Environmental Science & Technology [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:58 (24): 10796-10805 被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.est.4c02497
摘要

Xylem serves as a conduit linking soil to the aboveground plant parts and facilitating the upward movement of microbes into leaves and fruits. Despite this potential, the composition of the xylem microbiome and its associated risks, including antibiotic resistance, are understudied. Here, we cultivated tomatoes and analyzed their xylem sap to assess the microbiome and antibiotic resistance profiles following treatment with sewage sludge. Our findings show that xylem microbes primarily originate from soil, albeit with reduced diversity in comparison to those of their soil microbiomes. Using single-cell Raman spectroscopy coupled with D2O labeling, we detected significantly higher metabolic activity in xylem microbes than in rhizosphere soil, with 87% of xylem microbes active compared to just 36% in the soil. Additionally, xylem was pinpointed as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), with their abundance being 2.4–6.9 times higher than in rhizosphere soil. Sludge addition dramatically increased the abundance of ARGs in xylem and also increased their mobility and host pathogenicity. Xylem represents a distinct ecological niche for microbes and is a significant reservoir for ARGs. These results could be used to manage the resistome in crops and improve food safety.
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