Unveiling the synthesis of aromatic compounds in sauce-flavor Daqu from the functional microorganisms to enzymes

风味 化学 蛋白质组 生物化学 发酵 芳香 基因组 食品科学 基因
作者
Min Zhu,Zhao Deng,Yu Tie,Shikai Quan,Wenxue Zhang,Zhengyun Wu,Zhengda Pan,Jianliang Qin,Renfu Wu,Guorong Luo,Katsuya Gomi
出处
期刊:Food Research International [Elsevier]
卷期号:190: 114628-114628
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114628
摘要

Aromatic compounds serve as the primary source of floral and fruity aromas in sauce-flavor (Maotai flavor) baijiu, constituting the skeleton components of its flavor profile. Nevertheless, the formation mechanism of these compounds and key aroma-producing enzymes in sauce-flavor Daqu (fermentation agent, SFD) remain elusive. Here, we combined metagenomics, metaproteomics, metabolomics, and key enzyme activity to verify the biosynthesis pathway of aromatic compounds and to identify key enzymes, genes, and characteristic microorganisms in SFD. The results showed that the later period of fermentation was critical for the generation of aromatic compounds in SFD. In-situ verification was conducted on the potential key enzymes and profiles in various metabolites, providing comprehensive evidence for the main synthetic pathways of aromatic compounds in SFD. Notably, our results showed that primary amine oxidase (PrAO) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) emerged as two key enzymes promoting aromatic compound synthesis. Additionally, two potential key functional genes regulating aromatics generation were identified during SFD fermentation through correlation analysis between proteins and relevant metabolites, coupled with in vitro amplification test. Furthermore, original functional strains (Aspergillus flavus-C10 and Aspergillus niger-IN2) exhibiting high PrAO and ALDH production were successfully isolated from SFD, thus validating the results of metagenomics and metaproteomics analyses. This study comprehensively elucidates the pathway of aromatic compound formation in SFD at the genetic, proteomic, enzymatic, and metabolomic levels, providing new ideas for the investigation of key flavor substances in baijiu. Additionally, these findings offer valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms of aromatic compounds generation.
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